Abakolonije u Rwanda baruzanye mo urusobe rw’ibintu bimwe byiza ibindi bibi, ariko kimwe mu bikomeye ni ukurutubya no kubumba imbago zarwo kandi rwari igihugu kigali. Kimwe mu byatumye Yuhi V Musinga akurwa ku ngoma ku ngufu, ni uko yanze kugurisha igihugu.
Irari rikomeye ry’ibihugu by’i Burayi ryo gukoloniza Afurika, ryatangiwe n’Umwami w’u Bubuligi Leopold II, ryaje kugusha uwo mugabane mu kaga kakurikiranye ibyinshi mu bihugu biwugize.
Uyu mwami w’icyo gihugu gito (gifite ubuso bwa kilometerokare 30528) kandi cyari kimaze igihe gito kibayeho nk’igihugu, kuko bwabayeho nk’igihugu mu mwaka wa 1830, yari yigwije ho umutungo utari muto, yiyemeza gushaka kumenya biruseho Afurika, bituma ashinga Umuryango mpuzamahanga wa Afurika (Association Internationale africaine), ndetse abona ko uwatembera Afurika akayigenzura akayimenya neza akamuzanira amakuru ahagije, ari umwongereza witwaga Stanley.
Uyu mugabo arahaguruka aza muri Afurika, atungukira ku ruzi rwa Congo, ariko anatungurwa no guhurirayo n’abandi bantu baturutse i Burayi, baje kwiga imiterere ya Afurika. Yahahuriye na Brazza w’umufaransa, ubwo kandi n’abanyaporutigali nabo bari baje, bitangira gukurura amakimbirane.
Aba kandi ntibari abanyaburayi ba mbere bari muri Afurika, kuko ubu Faransa bwari bukolonije ibihugu bya Maghreb (Algerie Tunisie Marroc), na Senegali yo muri Afurika y’iburengerazuba, abongereza nabo bafite Cap (Afurika y’epfo), kandi bacukura amabuye y’agaciro mu bihugu bimwe bya Afurika y’iburengerazuba.
Otto Von Bismarck w’Umudage, abonye ko bigeye guteza amakimbirane, atumiza inama ihuza ibyo bihugu by’ibihangange, yateranye kuva kuwa 15 Ugushyingo 1884 igeza kuwa 24 Gashyantare 1885, ifatiwe mo ibyemezo bikemura ayo makimbirane, igaragaza mu gihe habaye intambara uko zakemurwa, inashyira ho imipaka y’ibihugu bya Afurika n’uko bagiye kubikoloniza.
U Rwanda rwahakubitikiye
Iyi nama yagennye ko u Rwanda ruhabwa u Budage, ariko barabanza barwambura igice cyarwo kinini cyomekwa ku bihugu bya Uganda na Congo Mbiligi (RDC).
Ntibyaciriye aho kuko mu mwaka wa 1919, u Rwanda rwongeye kwamburwa intara zimwe zo mu Burasirazuba, ariko Yuhi V Musinga ahaba igisibya cy’uwo munyago, u Rwanda rugumana intara zarwo. Ibyo nibyo tugiye gutekereza twifashishije igitabo L’hitoire du Christianisme au Rwanda cyanditswe na Padiri Rutinduka Lawurenti afatanyije na Tarisisi Gatwa.
Imisozi y’u Rwanda iri mu bituma rwifuzwa n’abantu benshi
Nyuma y’intambara ya mbere y’isi yashojwe n’u Budage bukanyitsindwa, bwahanishijwe kwamburwa ibihugu byose bwari bwarakolonije bigahabwa ibindi bihugu by’u Burayi. Icyo gihugu cyari gikilonije Ruanda-Urundi (u Rwanda n’u Burundi) na Tanganyika, cyarabyambuwe, Tanganyika ihabwa Ubwongereza, naho Ruanda- Urundi bihabwa u Bubiligi.
Mbere ariko, Ubwongereza bwashakaga u Rwanda n’u Burundi, kuko ngo bwari bufite umugambi wo kubaka inzira ya Gari ya moshi, yagomba guhera i Kayiro mu Misiri, ikazagera i Cap muri Afurika y’epfo, inyuze mu Gisaka ikaboneza mu Burundi. Ntibyaje kubukundira rero, kuko u Bubiligi bwari bwarirukanye u Budage mu Rwanda no mu Burundi bunahafite ingabo, bwaje kwimana ibyo bihugu byombi, ahubwo biyemeza gutanga igice cy’u Burasirazuba bw’u Rwanda kigahabwa abongereza bari bamaze kugabana Tanganyika. Ibyo bice Gisaka cyose, igice cy’u Buganza giherereye mu majyepfo no mu majyaruguru y’ikiyaga cya Muhazi, ndetse n’igice cy’i Ndorwa.
Abongereza bashatse kugura icyo gice
Ibyo bihugu by’ibihangange byahuriye mu nama yateraniye i Paris kuwa 28 Gicurasi 1919 asinyana amasezerano yiswe “Orts-Milner” yo guherekenya izo ntara z’u Rwanda zirimo na Rwamagana. Abayasinye ni Pierre Orts wari Minisitiri w’u Bubanyi n’amahanga mu Bubiligi na Lord Milner wari ushinzwe ibibazo bya za Koloni mu biro by’ububanyi n’amahanga by’Ubwongereza.
Mu gitabo cye “Un Abrege de l’histoire du Rwanda” Musenyeri Alegisi Kagame abitubwira muri aya magambo.
Ibyihutiwe nyuma y’intambara, abongereza bumvikanye n’ababiligi, kugira ngo bongere kunyaga u Rwanda izindi ntara, barukura ho igice gifite kilometerokare 5000. Izo ntara ni i Gisaka cyose; u Buganza buherereye mu majyaruguru n’amajyepfo y’ikiyaga cya Muhazi hari mo na Rwamagana; Umutara wose n’igice cya Ndorwa.
icyo gice gifite ibara ry’ubururu bwanditse mo izina Kibungo nibwo abongereza bashatse kunyarwaga u Rwanda Yuhi V ababera ibamba
Hagati aho ariko Yuhi V Musinga we ntiyigeze yemera ko igihugu cye cyongera kwamburwa ikindi gice, ahubwo ahagurukira gushaka uko yagihuza, kandi na raporo zatangwaga n’impuguke zoherezwaga guhuza impande zombi, zerekanaga ko icyo kibazo kizabyara imvururu zikomeye, n’ubwo ayo masezerano yari amaze kwemezwa n’Inama nkuru y’ibihugu byiyunze kuwa 21 Kanama 1919.
Muri iyo nkundura yo kurwanira i Gisaka, nibwo ababiligi batangiye kwerekana ko badakunze Musinga, bamushinja kugira ibitekerezo byo guhaka abandi, kandi ko yari afite abatware mu gihugu cyose. Ibyo ariko ntibyamuciye intege, kugeza ubwo abongereza bashatse kugura icyo gice cy’u Rwanda na Musinga bamusaba ko yakwakira mafaranga menshi ngo abarekere ako gace, gahwanye na 20 % by’ubuso bwose bw’u Rwanda.
Umuhango wo kwegurira i Gisaka Ubwongereza, wabereye i Rukira kuwa 22 Werurwe 1919, witabirwa na Mortehan wari Resident w’u Rwanda ku ruhande rw’u Bubiligi, na Baines Umuyobozi wa Politiki mu ntara ya Bukoba muri Tanganyika.
Abongereza baje gusaba abatware ba Yuhi V b bari muri icyo gice ko bahitamo niba bazakomeza kuba ab’i Nyanza (abagaragu ba Musinga), cyangwa niba bajya ku ruhande rw’abongereza. Icyo gihe bari bamaze guca Uburetwa, uwari ushinzwe ubucamanza mu gisaka yari umugande witwa Isaac Cyambara, wakanguriraga abahutu kwitandukanya n’ibikorwa by’abatware b’umwami w’u Rwanda bo mu Gisaka. Abongereza babonye ko Yuhi V yamaramaje kurwanira igihugu cye babivamo, u Rwanda rwongera gusubirana i Gisaka mu Ukuboza 1919.
Igihugu cy’u Rwanda gifite ubus bwa Kilometerokare 26338. Iyo Abongereza barutwara iriya ntara yose, yo mu burasirazuba bwarwo, ruba rusigaranye Kilometerokare 21338.
Umurwa mukuru w’u Rwanda mu bihe byo hambere
Kurwanira iyi ntara, ni kimwe mu byatumye Musinga yamburwa ubwami, kuko aya masezerano atarakomeje yababaje ababiligi cyane. Ikindi kivugwa ko cyamunyagishije, ni uko yanze kubatizwa, kandi akabibuza n’abandi banyarwanda
Bimenyimana Jeremie
